Dr Himanshu Aggarwal

what is inflammatory-myopathies

Inflammatory myopathies, also known as myositis, are a group of rare autoimmune diseases that primarily affect the muscles, causing inflammation and weakness. These conditions are characterized by chronic muscle inflammation, which can lead to muscle fiber damage and atrophy. There are several types of inflammatory myopathies, with the most common ones including:

1. Dermatomyositis

This type of myositis not only affects the muscles but is also associated with skin rashes. The characteristic skin rash is often seen in the face, eyelids, knuckles, elbows, knees, and chest.

2. Polymyositis

Polymyositis primarily affects skeletal muscles and does not typically involve the skin. It often presents as progressive muscle weakness and fatigue.

3. Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM)

IBM is a type of inflammatory myopathy that primarily affects older individuals. It is characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the quadriceps and hand muscles. IBM tends to be slowly progressive and is often resistant to treatment.

4. Necrotizing Autoimmune Myopathy (NAM):

NAM is characterized by muscle inflammation and damage that can be severe. It is often associated with elevated levels of certain muscle enzymes in the blood.

The exact cause of inflammatory myopathies

is not fully understood, but they are believed to result from an abnormal immune response where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy muscle tissue. Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation, blood tests to detect muscle enzyme levels and autoantibodies, electromyography (EMG), muscle biopsies, and imaging studies.

Treatment for inflammatory myopathies often involves immunosuppressive medications, such as corticosteroids and other immunosuppressants, to reduce inflammation and manage the immune response. Physical therapy and other supportive measures can help manage muscle weakness and improve quality of life for individuals with these conditions. It’s important to note that these diseases can vary in severity and response to treatment, and ongoing medical care and monitoring are usually necessary.

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